The Class 10 syllabus 2026 27 Science is one of the most important study resources for CBSE students who are preparing for their board examination. Science is a high-scoring subject, but only when students understand the complete syllabus, chapter weightage, and important topics in advance.

The latest Class 10 syllabus 2026 27 Science includes Physics, Chemistry, and Biology. The subject carries 100 marks in total. Out of these, 80 marks are allotted for the theory examination and 20 marks are reserved for internal assessment and practical work.

Students who begin their preparation without reading the official syllabus often waste time on extra topics. Therefore, understanding the latest CBSE Class 10 Science syllabus helps students focus only on the chapters and concepts that matter in the final exam.

Overview of Class 10 Syllabus 2026 27 Science

The Class 10 syllabus 2026 27 Science has been designed to improve conceptual understanding and analytical skills. The syllabus is divided into five major units. Each unit contains several chapters from Chemistry, Biology, and Physics.

Unit Number	Unit Name	Marks
Unit I	Chemical Substances – Nature and Behaviour	25
Unit II	World of Living	25
Unit III	Natural Phenomena	12
Unit IV	Effects of Current	13
Unit V	Natural Resources	5
	Theory Total	80
	Internal Assessment	20
	Grand Total	100

The above marks distribution clearly shows that Units I and II are the most important sections in the Class 10 syllabus 2026 27 Science. Students should spend extra time on Chemistry and Biology because both units together carry 50 marks.

Why Students Must Read the Class 10 Syllabus 2026 27 Science

Many students start studying directly from textbooks. However, the smarter way is to first read the syllabus. The Class 10 syllabus 2026 27 Science tells you exactly:

• Which chapters are included
• Which topics are important
• How marks are distributed
• Which topics are deleted or reduced
• Which chapters need more revision
• How practical and internal assessment marks are awarded

Once you know the complete Class 10 syllabus 2026 27 Science, you can create a study plan and finish the course on time.

Unit I: Chemical Substances – Nature and Behaviour

This is the first and most important unit in the Class 10 syllabus 2026 27 Science. It is from Chemistry and carries 25 marks. This section includes four chapters.

Chapter Number	Chapter Name
Chapter 1	Chemical Reactions and Equations
Chapter 2	Acids, Bases and Salts
Chapter 3	Metals and Non-metals
Chapter 4	Carbon and Its Compounds

Chapter 1: Chemical Reactions and Equations

This chapter introduces students to different types of chemical reactions. Students learn how substances react and change into new substances.

Important Topics

• Chemical equations
• Balanced chemical equations
• Types of chemical reactions
• Combination reaction
• Decomposition reaction
• Displacement reaction
• Double displacement reaction
• Oxidation and reduction
• Endothermic and exothermic reactions

Type of Reaction	Example
Combination Reaction	A + B → AB
Decomposition Reaction	AB → A + B
Displacement Reaction	A + BC → AC + B
Double Displacement Reaction	AB + CD → AD + CB

Students should practice balancing equations because these questions are frequently asked in board exams.

Chapter 2: Acids, Bases and Salts

This chapter is another important part of the Class 10 syllabus 2026 27 Science. It explains the properties of acids and bases and how they react.

Important Topics

• Definition of acids and bases
• Indicators and pH scale
• Chemical properties of acids and bases
• Neutralisation reaction
• Importance of pH in daily life
• Sodium hydroxide
• Bleaching powder
• Baking soda
• Washing soda
• Plaster of Paris

Substance	Common Use
Baking Soda	Used in baking and antacids
Washing Soda	Used in cleaning clothes
Bleaching Powder	Used to disinfect water
Plaster of Paris	Used for making statues and casts

The pH scale is an important topic. Students should know the range of acids, bases, and neutral substances.

Chapter 3: Metals and Non-metals

The chapter on metals and non-metals explains physical and chemical properties of various elements.

Important Topics

• Physical properties of metals
• Physical properties of non-metals
• Chemical properties of metals
• Reactivity series
• Ionic compounds
• Extraction of metals
• Corrosion and its prevention

Property	Metals	Non-metals
Lustre	Shiny	Dull
Conductivity	Good conductor	Poor conductor
Malleability	Malleable	Brittle
Ductility	Ductile	Non-ductile

Students should pay special attention to the reactivity series because it is used to solve numerical and reasoning questions.

Chapter 4: Carbon and Its Compounds

This chapter explains carbon compounds and their uses in everyday life.

Important Topics

• Covalent bonding
• Versatile nature of carbon
• Hydrocarbons
• Homologous series
• Functional groups
• Ethanol and ethanoic acid
• Soaps and detergents

Functional Group	Compound Example
Alcohol	Ethanol
Carboxylic Acid	Ethanoic Acid
Aldehyde	Methanal
Ketone	Propanone

This chapter is important because direct questions on ethanol, soaps, detergents, and carbon chains are often asked in the board examination.

Unit II: World of Living

The second unit in the Class 10 syllabus 2026 27 Science is Biology. This unit also carries 25 marks.

Chapter Number	Chapter Name
Chapter 5	Life Processes
Chapter 6	Control and Coordination
Chapter 7	How Do Organisms Reproduce?
Chapter 8	Heredity and Evolution

Chapter 5: Life Processes

Life Processes is one of the biggest chapters in the Class 10 syllabus 2026 27 Science. It explains the basic functions that help living organisms survive.

Important Topics

• Nutrition in plants and animals
• Respiration
• Transportation in plants
• Transportation in humans
• Excretion in plants and animals

Life Process	Main Function
Nutrition	Obtains food and energy
Respiration	Releases energy from food
Transportation	Carries food, oxygen, and water
Excretion	Removes waste materials

Students must prepare diagrams such as the human digestive system, respiratory system, and heart because diagram-based questions are commonly asked.

Chapter 6: Control and Coordination

This chapter deals with how living organisms respond to different situations.

Important Topics

• Nervous system
• Brain and spinal cord
• Reflex action
• Coordination in animals
• Plant hormones
• Tropic movements
• Endocrine glands

Hormone	Function
Auxin	Controls plant growth
Insulin	Controls sugar level
Adrenaline	Helps during stress
Thyroxine	Regulates metabolism

Students should remember the difference between voluntary and involuntary actions.

Chapter 7: How Do Organisms Reproduce?

This chapter is important because it explains different methods of reproduction.

Important Topics

• Asexual reproduction
• Sexual reproduction
• Reproduction in plants
• Reproduction in humans
• Reproductive health
• Methods of family planning

Type of Reproduction	Example
Binary Fission	Amoeba
Budding	Yeast
Fragmentation	Spirogyra
Sexual Reproduction	Humans

Human reproductive system diagrams are very important in the Class 10 syllabus 2026 27 Science.

Chapter 8: Heredity and Evolution

This chapter explains how traits pass from parents to children.

Important Topics

• Heredity
• Mendel’s experiments
• Dominant and recessive traits
• Inheritance of traits
• Sex determination
• Evolution basics

Term	Meaning
Gene	Unit of heredity
Trait	Characteristic feature
Dominant Trait	Trait that appears first
Recessive Trait	Trait hidden in first generation

Students should practice Punnett square questions because they are asked regularly in board examinations.

Unit III: Natural Phenomena

The third unit in the Class 10 syllabus 2026 27 Science belongs to Physics and carries 12 marks.

Chapter Number	Chapter Name
Chapter 9	Light – Reflection and Refraction
Chapter 10	The Human Eye and the Colourful World

Chapter 9: Light – Reflection and Refraction

This chapter explains the behaviour of light.

Important Topics

• Reflection of light
• Spherical mirrors
• Mirror formula
• Refraction of light
• Lenses
• Lens formula
• Power of lens

Mirror Type	Image Formed
Concave Mirror	Real or virtual
Convex Mirror	Virtual and diminished

Students should practice ray diagrams because they carry marks in the board exam.

The most important formula from this chapter is:

genui{“math_block_widget_always_prefetch_v2”:{“content”:”\frac{1}{f}=\frac{1}{v}+\frac{1}{u}”}}

This mirror formula and lens formula help students solve numerical questions quickly.

Chapter 10: The Human Eye and the Colourful World

This chapter focuses on the human eye and various optical phenomena.

Important Topics

• Structure of human eye
• Defects of vision
• Myopia
• Hypermetropia
• Presbyopia
• Dispersion of light
• Scattering of light

Defect of Vision	Corrected By
Myopia	Concave Lens
Hypermetropia	Convex Lens
Presbyopia	Bifocal Lens

Unit IV: Effects of Current

This is another Physics unit in the Class 10 syllabus 2026 27 Science. It carries 13 marks.

Chapter Number	Chapter Name
Chapter 11	Electricity
Chapter 12	Magnetic Effects of Electric Current

Chapter 11: Electricity

Electricity is one of the most scoring chapters in the Class 10 syllabus 2026 27 Science.

Important Topics

• Electric current
• Potential difference
• Ohm’s law
• Resistance
• Combination of resistors
• Electric power
• Heating effect of current

The main formula students must learn is:

genui{“math_block_widget_always_prefetch_v2”:{“content”:”V = IR”}}

This formula is known as Ohm’s Law.

Students should also remember:

genui{“math_block_widget_always_prefetch_v2”:{“content”:”P = VI”}}

Quantity	Symbol	Unit
Current	I	Ampere
Voltage	V	Volt
Resistance	R	Ohm
Power	P	Watt

Chapter 12: Magnetic Effects of Electric Current

This chapter explains the relationship between electricity and magnetism.

Important Topics

• Magnetic field
• Magnetic field due to current
• Solenoid
• Electromagnet
• Electric motor
• Electric generator
• Electromagnetic induction

Device	Function
Electric Motor	Converts electrical energy into mechanical energy
Electric Generator	Converts mechanical energy into electrical energy
Solenoid	Produces magnetic field

This chapter often includes diagram-based questions. Students should practice the structure of motor and generator.

Unit V: Natural Resources

The last unit in the Class 10 syllabus 2026 27 Science is Natural Resources. It carries only 5 marks, but students should not ignore it.

Chapter Number	Chapter Name
Chapter 13	Our Environment

Chapter 13: Our Environment

This chapter explains the importance of environmental balance.

Important Topics

• Ecosystem
• Food chain
• Food web
• Biodegradable and non-biodegradable substances
• Ozone layer
• Waste management

Biodegradable Waste	Non-Biodegradable Waste
Vegetable peels	Plastic
Paper	Glass
Leaves	Metal

Students should learn food chain examples and the difference between biodegradable and non-biodegradable substances.

Internal Assessment in Class 10 Syllabus 2026 27 Science

Internal assessment carries 20 marks in the Class 10 syllabus 2026 27 Science.

Component	Marks
Periodic Test	5
Notebook Submission	5
Subject Enrichment Activity / Practical Work	5
Multiple Assessment	5
Total	20

Students should perform well in school practicals and notebook work because these 20 marks can improve the final score significantly.

List of Practical Activities for Class 10 Science

The practical section is equally important. Students are expected to perform several experiments during the academic year.

Experiment Number	Practical Name
1	Finding pH of different samples
2	Studying properties of acids and bases
3	Observing displacement reactions
4	Studying electric circuit and Ohm’s law
5	Determining focal length of mirror and lens
6	Studying magnetic field lines
7	Identifying plant and animal tissues
8	Preparing temporary slides

Students should maintain a practical file neatly because it is checked during internal assessment.

Deleted or Reduced Topics in Class 10 Syllabus 2026 27 Science

The Class 10 syllabus 2026 27 Science has been slightly reduced so that students can focus more on important concepts.

Some less important topics have either been shortened or removed. Students should follow the latest syllabus only and avoid studying outdated topics from old books.

Chapter	Reduced Focus
Heredity and Evolution	Less focus on detailed evolution theory
Carbon and Its Compounds	Limited reactions and nomenclature
Electricity	Only basic numericals are required
Human Eye	Only important defects and correction

Students should always cross-check the latest CBSE guidelines before starting preparation.

Best Preparation Strategy for Class 10 Syllabus 2026 27 Science

To score more than 90 marks in Science, students need a proper study plan.

1. Complete the Syllabus Early

Try to complete the Class 10 syllabus 2026 27 Science at least three months before the board exam.

2. Divide Time According to Marks

Unit	Recommended Study Time
Chemical Substances	30%
World of Living	30%
Natural Phenomena	15%
Effects of Current	15%
Natural Resources	10%

3. Make Short Notes

Prepare short notes for:

• Formulas
• Definitions
• Diagrams
• Chemical equations
• Important terms

4. Practice Numerical Questions

Physics chapters such as Electricity and Light contain numericals. Practice them daily.

5. Revise Diagrams

The following diagrams are very important:

• Human heart
• Human eye
• Reproductive system
• Electric circuit
• Magnetic field lines
• Concave and convex mirrors

6. Solve Previous Year Papers

Previous year question papers help students understand the exam pattern. They also improve speed and confidence.

Resource	Benefit
Sample Papers	Understand pattern
Previous Year Papers	Learn important questions
Mock Tests	Improve speed
NCERT Questions	Build concepts

Important Chapters for High Scores

Some chapters in the Class 10 syllabus 2026 27 Science are more important than others.

Chapter	Importance Level
Chemical Reactions and Equations	Very High
Acids, Bases and Salts	Very High
Life Processes	Very High
Electricity	Very High
Light – Reflection and Refraction	High
Carbon and Its Compounds	High
Reproduction	High

Students who prepare these chapters properly can easily score high marks.

Common Mistakes Students Should Avoid

Many students lose marks because of small mistakes.

Avoid the following mistakes while studying the Class 10 syllabus 2026 27 Science:

• Ignoring NCERT textbook questions
• Not reading the latest syllabus
• Skipping diagrams
• Not revising formulas
• Leaving practical work incomplete
• Spending too much time on less important chapters
• Not practicing previous year papers

Books Recommended for Class 10 Syllabus 2026 27 Science

Book Name	Use
NCERT Science Class 10	Main textbook
NCERT Exemplar	Extra practice
Sample Papers	Exam practice
Question Bank	Chapter-wise revision

The NCERT textbook should always be your first priority because most board exam questions come directly or indirectly from NCERT.

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